MP3s Benefit both Consumers and Record Companies Essay -- Argumentati

You read the most current meeting of your preferred band conversing with Rolling Stone. In that talk with, they are asked whom they are tuning in to nowadays. The appropriate response isn't what you anticipated. The remainder of the meeting is about this new band they are raving about. Who is this new band, and for what reason do they appear to be so extraordinary? You rapidly sign onto your PC and begin downloading a melody from this secretive band. The download finishes, and the melody is marvelous! Presently you know why this gathering is regarded musically by the ones you regard in the business. All gratitude to the mind blowing MP3! MP3 is a little packed configuration that permits music to be downloaded rapidly with almost no penance in the sound quality. Moving Picture Experts Group, Audio Layer III is a big motivator for MP3. This came to fruition in the 1980's the point at which a German Institute needed to code music an alternate way. They did as such and got a patent for the MP3. Around 20 years after the fact, there were numerous applications making MP3's an ordinary thing. Individuals around the globe were downloading copyrighted music for nothing (Jones). In 1999, there were 60,000 MP3 sites and 6,000,000 individuals downloading a day (Knab). Nobody was concerned, yet then Napster showed up (Jones). Napster will likely consistently be recognized as the MP3 programming that permitted pretty much any tune to be downloaded whenever by any individual who had a web association. The music business was fruitful in changing Napster from a free source to a charging membership. Others like Napster still exist since they have discovered methods of getting around the entirety of the issues, however they are as of now being sought after by the music business regarding closing down. Record names are disturbed on account of the control they are losing. A... ...ranti, Marc and Guth Rob. Downloadable-Music Wars Intensify. CNN.com 25 Mar. 1999. 5 Dec. 2002. . Jones, Christopher. MP3 Overview. Hotwired. 27 Jul. 2000. 12 Dec. 2002. . Knab, Christopher. MP3. Fourfront Media and Music. 1999. 7 Dec. 2002. . Lazarus, David. Downloadable Music Ready to Rock. Wired News. 11 Sep. 1997. 7 Dec. 2002. . Petreley, Nick. Sentiment: How record organizations could grasp Napster and look after benefits. CNN.com. 20 Mar. 2000. 19 Dec. 2002. . The Future of Downloadable Music. Indian-Music.com. 5 Dec. 2002. . Â

The Great Wave by Katsushika Hokusai Essay Example For Students

The Great Wave by Katsushika Hokusai Essay The Japanese artful culmination, The Great Wave, was made by Katsushika Hokusai, when he was around 70 years of age. It was a piece of his mainstream ukiyo-e arrangement Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, which was made somewhere in the range of 1826 and 1833. The print was made utilizing shading woodblock printing called ukiyo-e. Hokusai ukiyo-e changed the fine art one concentrated on individuals, to one that investigated scenes, plants, and creatures. Ukiyo-e implies photos of the coasting scene in Japanese. It is a type of woodblock printing and painting that was well known in Japan from the seventeenth through nineteenth hundreds of years. Making woodblock prints was a three-phase process as follows: (1) The craftsman would paint the plan with ink (2) The structure would then be cut onto wooden squares, lastly (3) Colored ink would be applied to the squares after which pieces of paper could be gone ahead them to print the plan. When the squares were finished, it was simpler to make multiplications of a similar structure. Framework for the most part what you see occurring in the picture Hokusai catches a sensational second in his work of art by differentiating a mammoth and tempestuous wave in the frontal area going to expend three angling vessels, against the little and stable Mt Fuji out of sight. We will compose a custom exposition on The Great Wave by Katsushika Hokusai explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The pontoons tumble in accommodation to the power of the wave. The little anglers in the vessels cluster and stick to the sides, as the cusp of the wave twists its paws downward on them. The sky is shockingly pale. The white ice of the wave top mirrors the snow secured top on Mount Fuji. The waves are huge, transcending, fierce and threatening. They look amazing and overwhelming and going to come roaring down to expend the three angling vessels. They are dim blue and twist with shades of lighter blue and stretch out to white foamy wave tips. They are encircled by milder splashes of white fog. The intensity of the waves is caught in the wave tops that seem as though threatening paws, adding to the effect of the quality and prevailing intensity of the waves. The twisting down of the paws causes the waves to seem like they are prepared to cull the angling vessels and their tragic mariners out of the ocean. Clustered, little, immaterial, terrified, confident, supporting one another, frightened, alarmed, sticking, squatted in dread, fear, defenseless, vulnerable. The hues and tones are purposeful and serious. The threatening wave is dull blue and spooky in shading shaping twists of white foam and paws of light blue and white. The sky is a shocking pale tan shading differentiating against the striking blue of the wave. The white ice of the wave top copies the snow secured top on Mount Fuji. The scope of hues is constrained to reflect nature. The lines of the wave are clear and exact. The shade of the vessels is light earthy colored and this shading fortifies their irrelevance against the splendid blues and white of the waves. The anglers in the pontoons are dull blue with white heads. The air pockets of water fog are white and shining. The skyline is a sloppy earthy colored shading with obscured tones proposing fate. The wave appears to be threatening and spooky. The scene is emotional with nature’s power being applied against the defenseless anglers. There is a component of worry in the catch of the mammoth incredible and fierce wave as it twists toward the little, agreeable vessels. The waves directing nearness in the forefront, overshadowing the pinnacles of Mount Fuji, features the wave’s quality and predominance. The little anglers are practically helpless, clustered and sticking to the sides of their pontoons. .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b , .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .postImageUrl , .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b , .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b:hover , .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b:visited , .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b:active { border:0!important; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b:active , .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uadd604 5062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uadd6045062fa6af4090c743d1793cf4b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Master of Fine Arts Thesis Exhibition EssayTheir uneasiness, dread and frenzy rings out from this work of art. The lines, bearing and size of the fine art makes a feeling of development. Hokusai positions the watcher gazing upward into the threatening twist of the goliath wave. What's more, this is as opposed to the anglers who dismiss and are too alarmed to even consider facing nature’s anger. This makes a feeling of development of the wave slamming downwards. Furthermore, the typically transcending Mount Fuji is set out of sight, little, still and confined by the mammoth wave in the closer view. The difference of Mount Fuji so still out of sight features the loud development of the wave. The situation of Mt Fuji nearly in the middle, yet consummately adjusted in the edge, and the away from of its triangular pinnacle causes the watchers to notice the development going on around it. The lines are clear, overwhelming and strong. This adds to the development of the work of art. The line arch of the wave and twists of the cusps, features the ascent, twist and clear of the moving wave, making a feeling of development.

What Im Watching

What I’m Watching I was walking down Mass Ave yesterday under an umbrella with a friend, the streets after a day of rain reflecting colors in the sky, and I said If I could start my life over, I would. and he said, What would you do differently? - I guess I must have been thinking about that a while when we were walking and later eating at a quiet thai restaurant and even after when we were just getting some ice cream, because when walking home, feeling happy and full with a sunset hot at our backs, I felt like it wasnt about that. I said, if I just came into this world today, or I was blind and now suddenly I can see, and everything was new and strange and wonderful and I was never told what beauty was or should be, what would I think was the most striking thing? Would it be the motion of things? Cars and people and hands and raindrops. Would it be learning to trust shapes and colors to be the real thing? Like a faraway window in a high rise or a friend or a tree. Would it be the things I cant see? Things sitting on top of things, things inside of things, heat and voice and music and beats? Would it be the sky in its blueness and greyness and blackness and vastness? I thought it might be the sky. If someone gave me the opportunity to find out, would I? Im thinking if I could I would. Being at such a crossroads in my life, approaching my last year as a wandering undergrad, Im spending way more time than ever before just stressing out. Trying with all the delay tactics in the world to ease the pressure of having to choose a direction for my life. Looking around me at all these people: how can they be so sure and how do you make it feel like you matter. Well, thats my problem. Yet you might get something out of this lecture I stumbled onto, also. This is a lecture about achieving childhood dreams. I dont know you may have heard it in the news the guy who gave this speech died 3 days ago. I never had many specific childhood dreams, at least none that were well documented, and only a couple of baby pictures altogether. So achieving them has never really been a concern of mine. But I assume living life is something everyone can relate to, and listening to one man look back on the life he has lived I think has a natural fascination for all of us.

Negro League Baseball Research Paper - 2341 Words

Negro League Baseball When the topic of baseball comes up in a conversation, what do you think of? The field, a bat, the ball, or amazing plays, crucial games, and game winning performances. What about American history? Does World War II come to mind; most likely not. According to an article called â€Å"Food for Thought: Baseball and American History,† John P. Rossi quotes Jacques Barzun saying, â€Å"Whoever wants to know the heart and mind of America had better learn baseball.† Negro League Baseball can be used to shed light on the historical experience of African American’s in the United States. The first record of baseball in the United States began in Pittsfield, Massachusetts in 1791. Its popularity spread quickly through the town and the†¦show more content†¦Even though most of the committee members were from the North, many of them shared the same beliefs as the South. They believed that the African American was inferior and not meant to play baseball in the presence of white men. As the NABBP slowly faded away, another association took a strong hold over the game. The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was formed in1871.The NAPBBP took over with flying colors and was geared for a more professional type league. With the color line still in place the NAPBBP never had a written rule against African Americas players. Instead, the association enlisted a â€Å"gentleman’s agreement† that barred African Americans from playing in this league and its eventual successor, the National League. Even though baseball was unchanged about Afri can American participation, they were slowly being accepted in society. The fifteenth amendment of the constitution was put into effect just a year before the formation of the NAPBBP. This was extremely critical for African Americans at the time because this meant that they would now have the right to vote. The amendment was designed to prohibit discrimination against voters on the basis of race or previous condition of servitude. Prior to this, the states had had full responsibility for determining voter qualifications. As baseball grew, so did the African American ambitions to play against other white teams. Moses â€Å"Fleetwood† Walker,Show MoreRelatedThe Rise and Fall of the Negro Baseball League Essay670 Words   |  3 PagesThe Rise and Fall of the Negro Baseball League For the better part of the 20th century, African American baseball players played under unequal opportunity. On one side of the field, European descendants were given a license to play this childrens game for money and national fame. While on the other side of the field, African slave descendants were also given a license to play - as long as they didnt encroach upon the leagues of the Caucasians. What was left over for African American playerRead MoreBaseball s Favorite Pastimes Since The First League1417 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction†¯ †¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Baseball has been one of America’s favorite pastimes since the first league was formed, all the way to the present day.†¯The first section in this research paper will explain some of the games baseball was based on, the places they are from, how they are played, and the people who came up with the game. In the second section, some of the leagues will be listed, with some of the teams, who established the league, and when they were established. In the third section, famousRead MoreThe Integration Of Sports And Its Impacts3264 Words   |  14 Pages Research Paper Rough Draft: The Integration of Sports and its Impacts Following the Civil War in the United States, African-Americans still faced extreme forms of racism and troubles all the way up until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. African-Americans were excluded from nearly all forms of participating in society including the ability to participate in professional sports and be paid at the same level as white athletes. The segregation of sports in this country was never declared byRead MoreFences : A Play That Revolves Around The Times Of The United States Essay2290 Words   |  10 Pages Alex Cano 11/20/16 EN 113 Research Paper Assignment August Wilson, Fences Fences is a play that revolves around the times of the nineteen fifties in the United States focusing in the city of Philadelphia. This was a time where a number of issues occurred going about the social problems facing the African American community. Many African Americans were denied a number of opportunities within the nation due to the color of their skin. ThisRead MoreJackie Robinson5168 Words   |  21 Pagesstories. Since 1947, American history has portrayed Jackie Robinson as a hero, and he has been idolized as a role model to the African American baseball community. It is an unarguable fact that he was the first to tear down the color barriers within professional baseball. The topic of Robinson’s role in integration has long been a point of discussion amongst baseball historians. Researchers have accumulated thousands of accredited documents and interviews with friends and team mates such as short stop,Read MoreJim Crow Laws On The South Of The United Sta tes1557 Words   |  7 Pagesstatus for African Americans. For this research paper, I want to focus on the origins and the content of Jim Crow Laws and how did this law influence blacks’ lives and be removed from the South of the United States. Firstly, the origin of the phrase â€Å"Jim Crow† was attributed to â€Å"Jump Jim Crow†, a song-and-dance caricature of blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice. (Woodward, C. P.7) Then, â€Å"Jim Crow† by 1838 became a derogatory expression meaning for â€Å"Negro.† The original history of Jim CrowRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement3995 Words   |  16 PagesMitchell Thomas Ms. Conley English 12 3 March 2015 Research paper Many Americans try to pretend that just because slavery has come to an end and the Civil Rights movement occurred that racism has just suddenly vanished, but that s not the case. A person is not born racist, it is taught while growing up in a racist environment. It is a learned behavior of hate towards someone not you. Racism is very evident in men s professional sports today but also had an even greater effect in the past. ThereRead More Brown v Board of Education Essay2327 Words   |  10 Pagesagreed with the Browns; saying that: â€Å"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children...A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn† (The National Center For Public Research). On the other hand, the precedent of Plessy v. Ferguson allowed separate but equal school systems for blacks and whites, and no Supreme Court ruling had overturned Plessy yet. Because of the precedent of Plessy, the court felt compelled to rule

The Psychological Factors That Shaped My Childhood And...

â€Å"To be successful you need to face your hardest opponent†¦ yourself.† –Dillon Boucher. In order to face ourselves, we must know who we are and why we do certain things. Psychology allows us to do this. It is the study of people. This science allows us to look into who we are and what we are. By understanding what and how everything you do can help you make improvements. This allows the body and mind to work together, so it can give you the knowledge to help make better decisions and avoid stressful situations. It can help you achieve goals and you live comfortably with others. As I move on in life and get to the point of independence, it is important for me to understand why I do the things I do, so I can make important changes to adapt to†¦show more content†¦Permissive parents watch their children less closely and are more free with their child’s actions (Rathus, p.288). Both of my parents have always been very loving and given me everything I needed, but at least to me, they always seemed to be more on the strict side with me than they were with my brother. I was never allowed to many of the things my brother was allowed to do and when I tried to make the argument that their rules were unfair, they always looked at me and said, â€Å"He’s a boy, you’re a girl.† This inequality in treatment put a tremendous strain on me and what the expectations I felt that I had to live up to. I feel like my parents strict and cold style effected me in both negative and positive ways. I feel that it made me become a much harder worker who was more motivated to achieve certain goals but it also caused a lot of insecurities when I failed at something. Moving on into my adolescent years wasn’t any easier. I had no idea who I was. In fact, I changed my wardrobe and what I was into doing quite often throughout middle school. One month I’d wear a dress in hopes to be a â€Å"girly girl† and the next, I’d be dressed in all shirts with black schools pretending I knew how to skateboard. In addition to that, my friend group changed dramatically within a very short period of time. I was very confused and new to all of the things this new group of peers enjoyed doing. At one point, I was so desperate to find out who I was and get the sense of belonging thatShow MoreRelatedGeneral Reflection And Social Factors That Influenced The Relationship Between Time And Human Behavior Essay939 Words   |  4 Pageshome front†- Phil Klay. The essence of these profound words speaks volumes about who I am as I reflect on my own life and family as it relates to the life course perspective, life trajectories, life events, and transitions. I have had my own exposure to extremes of human behavior and unimaginable tests of integrity and courage growing up with an absentee father, separated at a young age from my family, and simply challenged by unfavorable situations. However, I have learned that people are resilientRead MoreChild Development And Childhood Development1877 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Childhood development encompasses the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional changes from birth until the end of adolescence (White, Hayes Livesey, 2013). Throughout childhood, environment and genetics promote or discourage growth and development. This essay will analyse the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional domains in relativity to my own development from the prenatal stage until adolescence. Psychological and environmental theories are used to develop theRead MoreThe Role of Risk Factors and Protective Factors on Mental Health and Well-Being2086 Words   |  9 Pagestreatment of those who do, does not decrease the number of psychological problems in a population. Instead, the number of mental disorders remains the same and/or possibly increases. It is therefore crucial to practice and use preventative approaches to control and possibly eliminate biological, psychological and social stressors that are detrimental to one’s psychological health. As a result, the use of promotional and protective factors thereby improves the overall mental health and well-being ofRead MoreErik Erikson s Personality And Sense Of Self878 Words   |  4 Pages From the day we are born to the day they die, development is a continuous process in which we grow as an individual and develop our sense of self. The various factors that contribute to shaping us into the way we are, such as our memories, experiences, the way we were raised, even our culture has the strength to impact who we are to become. Throughout a person’s lifespan, there are many obstacles one must face in order to acquire certain skills that will be of use as we transitions from one stageRead MoreTraum A Deeply Distressing Or Disturbing Experience?925 Words   |  4 Pagesmany factors contribute to the understanding of trauma. There are many definitions that correlate with trauma; however, for the purpose of this paper, trauma will be defined as â€Å"a deeply distressing or disturbing experience† (Oxford dictionary). Enduring trauma can affect an individual. This essay discusses how trauma affects development as well as attachment throughout a child’s l ife using the texts The Lost Boy and Shame, along with additional readings, focusing specifically on childhood traumaRead MoreAdolescence As A Young Age Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescence is considered to be the years between 13 and 19. It is known as the transitional period from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence experiences a good deal of physical and psychological changes. These changes can appear as early as pre-teen ages and last until adulthood. During Adolescent stage, Adolescence is discovering their independence and self-identity. They face making though peer choices and decision in regards to drugs, alcohol, social life, and school work. Teens show a high focusRead MorePersonality Characteristics Of Personality Traits1235 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality characteristics Introduction Personality psychologists define personality as the psychological traits that contribute to an individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feelings, thinking, and behavior, (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Now, this statement can denote that personality might be somehow fixed. Perhaps the most obligatory questions to ask in this regards are: is personality inherited or acquired. Can individual’s personality be altered? For decades, these and many other questionsRead MoreSocial Development And Journey Towards Autonomy876 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2009, I decided I wanted to be on birth control, even though I did not fully know my body or complete family history. Soon after, I suffered from a Pulmonary Embolism, a blood clot in my lung. The shortness of breath and severe agonizing chest pains were almost too horrible to bare. 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I had a class where I had experiencedRead MoreDevelopmental Analysis Essay3291 Words   |  14 PagesUniversity Abstract This paper serves to apply the knowledge learned throughout the course, COUN 502, to the development and growth in my lifespan. I will aim to demonstrate a working knowledge of the theories, terminology, and concepts of human growth and development. I will show how these disciplines apply to my own life experiences and how I did throughout my key life events, through the use of empirical studies. Developmental Analysis Although I would like to believe I have led a fairly normal

Web Server Attacks Free Essays

Web Server Attacks Aaron G. Flaugh Strayer University Dr. Patricia White April 15, 2013 Web services are the most frequently attacked services of the modern network. We will write a custom essay sample on Web Server Attacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three common attack types. They are all mitigated in different ways, this paper will discuss the means of protecting against them. The most effective attacks are call Denial of Services or DoS attacks. No organization is save from a denial of service attack even the federal government has been successfully attacked. How corporations can reduce the risk of these attacks will also be discussed. Web Application Vulnerabilities Web services have become one of the most frequently used technologies in business today, therefore it is no surprise, which are among the most frequently targeted applications. There are five common types of attacks for web services: SQL injection, remote file inclusion, local file inclusion, directory traversal and cross site scripting. Those were just the technical type attacks there are also two other business layer attacks, they are email extraction and comment spamming. According to a survey group iMPERVA; cross-site scripting (XSS) accounts for twenty-nine percent of sampled attacks, directory transversal (DT) accounted for twenty-two percent, local file inclusion was fifteen percent of the attacks, SQL injections were fourteen percent of the malicious traffic, business logic attacks accounted for another fourteen percent and finally remote file inclusion only accounted for six percent of the traffic. The business logic attacks were split as follows email extraction was nine percent and comments spamming accounted for five percent of the section. Cross-Site Scripting In this attack type the attacker attempts to hijack a user session then steal the information that they need to log on to the site. Sometimes they hijacker inserts hostile content or redirect the user to a malicious site to steal information. The final flaw that is used is not properly validating and escaping that content. Directory Traversal Directory traversal is attacking parts of a web site that are not typically exposed to the public viewers. This an exploit of the security of the web server. It is also possible to use this attack by not properly removing user-supplied file names to the file API’s. SQL Injection Attacks against the background database server is called SQL injection attacks. Using this type of attack the attacker is able to steal the data contained on the page or site. This attack is most viable when user input is either incorrectly filtered for escaped characters in the SQL statements or the user input is not typed appropriately. Combating Web Server Attacks There are several things that users can do to protect themselves from web server attacks. First they can patch their operating systems up-to-date. Second, install a personal firewall, anti-virus and anti-malware tools. Use complex usernames and passwords, and change passwords regularly. Finally, turn off client-side scripting such as JavaScript or ActiveX. On the web server side, there are some suggested fixes. First of all implement SSL connections however, it used to be that 128-bit encryptions was sufficient according to Saumil Shah from Net Square. Now it is not uncommon to utilize 1024-bit RSA encryption on SSL certificates. Second, run a best practices analyzer or threat analyzer and implement security fixes. Another, security method to protect internal resources through the use of reverse proxy servers. The final solution to these web attacks is the human element, verify code written by developers and correct any errors discovered. Denial of Service Attacks The most feared attacks on a network is denial of service attack or a distributed denial of service attack. In both attacks the objective is very simple as the name implies it is to disrupt the flow of information into a network, generally the objective is not to steal data or release confidential information. Denial of service attacks are performed usually by a single attack thus, are much easier to defend against. Distributed denial of service attacks are much more difficult to detect and thus much more difficult to defend against. They are generally coordinated amongst many individuals or through automation using botnet malware. Defending and halting denial of service type attacks can be very easy to stop since they are from one threat. The first defense against this type of attack is the use of access control lists on either the firewall or on the border router. Cisco uses the following syntax in its IOS enabled devices: permit tcp source ip address destination ip address eq port number. Within Cisco’s firewall products the PIX or the current Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) the syntax is similar to that of the IOS devices. Cisco’s ASA platform has a much more diverse set of features to block attacks at the border of the network. The ASA con also be configured to detect and block ICMP flood attacks. The more sophisticated web servers can be configured the block http attacks. Cisco also offers products that are designed to detect and block single origin attackers. Most operating systems have firewall functions that are built into them. Third party security companies such as Symantec, Sophos, McAfee, and Zone Alarm offer personal firewalls to potentially block an incoming threat. This is the best alternative if a person or group doesn’t have control of their border devices. There are two other means by which a single attacker can be stopped. They are interrupting the communication between a hacked machine through the use null routes on a pc or device its, however this is sometimes very difficult to accomplish and only works on some Operating Systems. The final means by which to slow an attacker down is to enable web server security to block connections from the particular ip address. In a distributed denial of service attack there is generally no clear indication of which ip addresses are causing the event. This make the DDoS attack extremely difficult to detect and defend against. Most the time DDoS traffic looks like ordinary network traffic, which makes detection difficult if not impossible in some cases. DDoS attack can be used against many different protocols used in network including TCP, UDP, ICMP and DNS, using flooding techniques to overwhelm a victim’s network. One of the best ways to prevent http or https flooding attacks is the incorporation of reverse proxy servers into the mix. The proxy server sits outside of the network and acts like a traffic cop in many ways. It doesn’t allow packets through that it deems at threat. It also breaks up or fragments the requests from the outside world. Department of Justice attacks Many organization has fallen victim to web server attacks. In October 2002, a DDoS attack was used to cripple the internet in the United States. This was done by simultaneously attacking eight of the thirteen root DNS servers. The Federal Government has fallen victim to DDoS a number of times, the Department of Justice has been attacked twice in the last eighteen months. In the last two notable events in January of 2012 and just this past January, the hacker group Anonymous has claim responsibility for the attacks. They were targeted in protest of the Stop Online Piracy Act and most recently in support of Aaron Swartz who had recently committed suicide. The only possible way that DDoS attacks could be carried out against the government’s servers is either enlisting thousands of people to assist by flooding the webservers with http requests or by the use of malware and the use of botnets. In either case the, it would take a lot of time to detect the attack and even more time to stop the attack. DDoS attacks on the Federal Government would need to be extremely complex and would take a long time to plan and carry out. I do not believe that they are as easy to carry out as some make it out to be. In order to mitigate attacks in the future the Government needs to do several things. Implement reverse proxy server in front of the web servers. Make sure that all security fixes are up-to-date on all servers. Implement policies and procedures tracking changes to the web server security settings. Verify all user supplied information through the use of security images or the use of services like capture. Use of web services are common these days. Corporations, users and Government all need to take steps to protect themselves from web server attacks. This can be done in a variety of ways and is the responsibility of the information services to help management understand and prevent these attacks. References Geiger, William (2001). SANS Security Essentials GSEC Practical Assignment 1. 2f Practively Guarding Against Unknown Web Server Attacks Murphy, David (26 January, 2013). Pro-Swartz Hackers Attack U. S. Department of Justice Website retrieved from http://www. pcmag. com O’Keefe, Ed (20 January, 2012). How was the Justice Department Website Attacked? Retrieved from: http://www. washingtonpost. com Romm, Tony (19 January, 2013). After Anonymous claims hack, DOJ site back. Retrieved from: http://www. politico. com Shah, Saumil (2002). Top Ten Web Attacks Presentation at BlackHat Asia Thatcher, Greg. How to Stop a Denial of Service Attack? Retrieved from: http://www. gregthatcher. com Weiss, Aaron 02 July, 2012). How to Prevent DoS Attacks Retrieved from: http://www. esecurityplanet. com Cisco Systems (2004). Defeating DDOS Attacks White Paper Citrix Systems Protecting Web Applications from Attack and Misuse Imperva (2012). Imperva’s Web Application Attack Report Government of Hong Kong (2008). Web Attacks and Countermeasures How to cite Web Server Attacks, Papers

Nursing Client Education Plan

Question: Discuss about the Nursing for Client Education Plan. Answer: Education plan for Caroline Morris would revolve around the appropriate application of stoma management strategies to ensure that the client is provided with holistic care. The education plan would act as the pathfinder for guiding the patient towards a better quality of life. A number of challenges may be faced while educating the patient, however, as a nurse specialist, it would be the duty to successfully carry out the transition between poor and good patient outcomes by overcoming the psychological and physical barriers. A partnership is to be formed with the client in order to foster a therapeutic relationship (Cherry and Jacob 2016). Medication Pharmacology Enoxaparin 40mg SC daily - Caroline wishes to self-administer the medication, therefore, the first step would be to educate her on how to self-inject the medicine. The steps of self-injecting the medication would include washing the hands at e first place and then sitting or lying in a comfortbale position so that the abdomen can be seen. An area is to be chosen on left or right side of the abdomen at least keeping a distance of 2 inches from the belly button. The injection site is to be cleaned with alcohol. The syringe is to be held like a pencil. With the other hand, an inch of the cleaned area is to be pinched for making a fold in the area. The plunger is to be pressurised with the thumb till the syringe is empty. The needle is to be pulled straight out. The important patient safety information is to be explained to the client. The patient is to be informed that seeking medical attention is necessary if there are severe side effects including severe allergic reactions, difficulty in walking, fever, weakness or reddish stool (Lehne and Rosenthal 2014). Oxycodone (Endone) 5-10mg QID PRN- The patient is to be informed that seeking medical attention is necessary if there are severe side effects including vomiting, nausea and sweating. The most crucial patient information would be that Oxycodone might prove to be habit forming. In addition, the medication is not to be used with any narcotic pain medication. The medication is also not to be taken in large amounts (Lilley, Collins and Snyder 2014). Paracetamol 1gram QID PRN- The patient is to be educated that the maximum dose recommended is not to be exceeded. Alcohol is not to be drunk while taking paracetamol. However, it can be taken on an empty stomach (McCuistion, Kee and Hayes 2014). Application of Theories of Teaching and Learning Relevant to Simulation Experience Fundamental principles derived from teaching and learning theories are to be used for the present patient education. Humantistic learning theory would be applied for the patient in the present case. The theory is based on the belief that each patient is autonomous, unique and would need to be taken care of in a positive way. Individual life experiences and self-direction would be the motivating factors towards learning. Internal motivation, self-evaluation and self-discovery would be given the focus while educating the patient (Zaccagnini and White 2015). Best Practices in Patient Education Communication with the patient in a suitable manner is the means of transaction and creation of the message. The entire process would need to take place by considering the social, cultural and religious values of Caroline. Verbal communication- The patient would first be made comfortable with the nurse. A peaceful environment needs to be created for imparting the education as there would be no distractions. Communication would be done in a culturally safe manner so as to avoid offending the patient. Each patient may have his own pace and own way of communicating. This aspect is to be understood for Caroline and communication would thereby be aligned with it. The language used while communication is crucial. The patient is to be explained the information in a simple language. The language would be at the level of the patient (Riley 2015 ). Non-verbal communication- The four elements that would be given attention while educating the patient are body posture, eye contact, facial expression and touch. It is necessary for a nurse to be relaxed and not impatient while communicating. Eye contact is to be maintained with the patient that emphasises the need of making the patient feel valued and important. Facial expression would be appropriate and wherever necessary sympathy is to be expressed. Touch can prove to be a powerful tool of communication, and therefore appropriate touches would enable the nurse to convey the affection and concern for the patient. Vital cultural issues would be considered while touching the patient (Kourkouta. and Papathanasiou 2014). References Cherry, B. and Jacob, S.R., 2016.Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kourkouta, L. and Papathanasiou, I.V., 2014. Communication in nursing practice.Materia socio-medica,26(1), p.65. Lehne, R.A. and Rosenthal, L., 2014.Pharmacology for nursing care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Lilley, L.L., Collins, S.R. and Snyder, J.S., 2014.Pharmacology and the nursing process. Elsevier Health Sciences. McCuistion, L.E., Kee, J.L. and Hayes, E.R., 2014.Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Riley, J.B., 2015.Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Zaccagnini, M. and White, K., 2015.The doctor of nursing practice essentials. Jones Bartlett Learning.