Analysis Of Ramesh Sippy s Sholay - 1845 Words

When it comes to Indian popular culture, there is no film more ingrained in the public consciousness than Ramesh Sippy’s iconic thriller ‘Sholay’ (1975). The film revolves around two criminals, Jai and Veeru (Amitabh Bachchan and Dharmendra), hired by a retired police officer (Sanjeev Kumar) to exact revenge on a ruthless bandit, Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan), responsible for murdering his family. The film blends several genres such as the Western, Comedy and Musical in its use of mis en scene, cinematography and editing. Sholay can also be deconstructed as a relevant commentary on the political unrest and instability of India in the 1970s, a period marked by regional tensions, war and internal fragility of a nation. The 1970s in India was†¦show more content†¦However, Gandhi’s popularity was destined to be short lived as many parts of the country soon burst into protest over increasing prices and inflation coupled with frustration over inefficient bureaucracy and red tapeism. These protests were most animated in states such as Gujarat and Bihar, where students marched on the streets and united around political activist, Jayaprakash Narayan. When in 1975, a judge in the Allahabad high court ruled that Gandhi’s 1972 electoral victory was void due to governmental interference in campaigning, the opposition demanded Gandhi’s resignation. The ensuing strikes across the country including those of public services such as railways coupled with the opposition’s relentless demands of resignation led Gandhi to declare a state of emergency in 1975 due to a state of internal threat. This decision effectively censored the free press and jailed opposition leaders, marking the start of a dark period in Indian History. These were the culminating political and social conditions in which Sholay was released in 1975. The film encapsulates the instability of India in the 70s through its storyline, mis-en-scene and editing amongst other elements. The most prominent influence that is visibly noticeable in Sholay is that of the Western genre. The film draws influence from filmmakers such as Sergio Leone, especially his work in ‘The Good, The

Graduation Speech My Writing - 1181 Words

Hi, I’m Alexandria and I’m in the 11th grade, or a Junior in highschool. I usually love learning but this year I don’t have very good teachers so I haven’t been trying very hard in my classes; obviously I want good grades but nothing is interesting so I get distracted very easily and miss what the teacher says. When I was in my least favorite class, language arts, on Wednesday we got assigned another essay. I had this class with my best friend, Kayley, and we usually did the essays together but last week we got in trouble and can’t do that anymore. The essay was a narrative and was worth half of our final grade but I wasn’t worried, I always did good on essays even when I did them the night before they were due. â€Å"What are you going to do†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, cool,† She said and we continued on with our Friday. Since it was the weekend I decided that I wouldn’t work work on the essay; instead I slept until mid-afternoon everyday and hung out with my friends once I finally woke up. Before I knew it, it was Monday and I had just two days to complete my essay. Kayley was supposed to come over after school so I could just ask her to help me. Once we got home Kayley and I completely lost track of time and before we knew it she had to go home. Now I was stuck to do this stupid essay alone and only had one more day. Okay, I will come home right after school tomorrow and get this essay finished I told myself before I went to bed that night. I got up the next morning and went to school just like any other normal day. When I got to third period, language arts, the teacher asked how we were all doing on our essays; I told him that I was almost done and was going to finish tonight. I mean it was almost the truth right? That day when I got home from school I went straight to my computer to type the essay that I had been dreading so much all week. I began writing and surprisingly, it was really easy. I knew exactly what to say and I was halfway finished before I knew it. â€Å"Alexandria, you need to leave for your dentist appointment in five minutes!† I heard my mom yell from the kitchen. Oh no! I had completely forgotten about my dentist appointment. This wasn t good, now I would only have about an

Dementia Awareness free essay sample

Explain what is meant by the term â€Å"dementia† The literal interpretation of the word dementia means deprived of mind. Is usually taken to mean mental deterioration or group of conditions/disorders of brain. Specific diseases eg Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Cerebral Vascular e. g. stroke. Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia Parietal Lobe – language, special awareness, recognition Frontal Lobe behaviour, movement, personality Occipital Lobe – visual, processing Temporal Lobe memory, speech, hearing Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment maybe mistaken for dementia. They have most common/similarities of signs and symptoms but some differences. Same side effect of medication. Outcome 2 Understand key features of the theoretical models of dementia Outline the medical model of dementia Focus on the disease Focus on diagnosis and treatment of illness Outline the social model of dementia Focus on individual’s skills, capabilities and achievements retained Person centred approach e. The specific symptoms that someone with dementia experiences will depend on the parts of the brain that are damaged and the disease that is causing the dementia. The main symptoms are usually confusion, loss of memory, changes in personality and behavior, problems with speech and understanding and the decline in the ability of daily living tasks. Dementia causes permanent and progressive damage to the brain so confusion will most likely be present. Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia (201. 1. 2) The cerebral cortex (the largest part of the brain) is divided into different regions which are known as lobes. Each lobe controls different functions. Temporal lobe – Learning new information, recording and storage of verbal memory (such as names), and visual memory (such as faces). Frontal lobe – Organising and planning actions, language, logic, personality, regulating behaviour, learning tasks, theoretical thought, initiating and stopping. Parietal lobe – Sentence construction, calculation, locating objects, body sense, remembering sequences of actions, interpreting info received from the occipital lobe. Occipital lobe – Processing info about shape, colour, and movement received from the eyes. Every type of dementia involves progressive physical damage to the brain. The main areas affected in most dementias are the Temporal lobe, frontal lobe and the parietal lobe. Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia (201. 1. 3) Depression is often difficult to tell apart from dementia. Depression will usually start over a period of days, weeks or months. People may speak, think and move more slowly and they may become ill-tempered or disconcerted and recent memory might be impaired. Depression and dementia can coexist. Depression leads to difficulties with activities of daily living. Dementia is associated with other psychiatric symptoms such as depression in 1/3 of cases. Delirium can be caused by physical illness, drug and alcohol abuse. An individual suffering from delirium may experience visual hallucinations, confusion, misperceptions, clouded thinking and awareness, disturbed sleep and day/night reversal, agitation and poor attention. Common causes for delirium are: Chest, skin, ear and urinary infections, prescribed drugs, alcohol, and hypoxia and so on. Changes to our normal cognitive abilities will occur as part of the ageing process. This could mean that we can’t remember things as we used to or  think as quickly as we used to. This could be mistaken for dementia. The changes should be gradual and not get in the way with daily activities. If however the changes are more dramatic and affecting daily activities it could possibly indicate dementia. Outcome 2 Understand key features of the theoretical models of dementia Outline the medical model of dementia (201. 2. 1) The medical model of dementia sees dementia as a condition which nothing can be done. The focus of the medical model is dementia as a disease and the loss of ‘normality’ of those affected by it. It focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of the illness, however, in its most narrow form can sometimes fail to address some other important influences on health and wellbeing. The medical model is concerned with the pursuit of cures for the disease. Outline the social model of dementia (201. 2. 2) The social model emphasises a broader range of factors rather than just physical ones. It places more importance on the interaction of social and biological factors in the development of dementia. It’s based on the understanding and complexity of human health and wellbeing. It takes into account the importance of supporting people who are vulnerable, and values the knowledge and understanding of those who experience dementia and their carers. It is about focussing on individuals abilities instead of their losses. There is growing evidence to show that people are adapting to living with dementia. Explain why dementia should be viewed as a disability (201. 2. 3) Dementia which was views as a disease is now viewed as a disability. It allows us to view people with dementia as individuals coping with their own impairment and entitled to an adequate quality of life and comfort. To do this it is necessary for us to shift our way of thinking from focusing on dementia as a disease that degenerative without a cure, to focusing on the whole person and seeing dementia as a disability of certain parts of the persons brain. Outcome 3 Know the most common types of dementia and their causes List the most common causes of dementia (201. 3. 1) Alzheimer’s disease – accounts for 60% of all cases Gradual onset with a progressive, unremitting course Onset usually over the age of 45 years Definitive diagnosis only made at post mortem Slightly more common in women that in men. Vascular dementia – for example strokes, accounts for 15-20% of all cases Often sudden onset, with focal neurological signs Onset usually over the age of 45 years Slightly more common in men than women Uneven decline in skills and personality changes Dementia with Lewy bodies – accounts for 15-20% of all cases Restlessness Hallucinations and delusions prominent Frontotemporal dementia – accounts for 5% of all cases Describe the likely signs and symptoms of the most common causes of dementia (201. 3. 2) Alzheimer’s disease – usually loss of memory, especially for learning new information and later challenging behaviour may occur. Symptoms commonly include: depression, agitation, psychosis, wandering, aggression, lethargy, incontinence and altered eating habits. Vascular dementia – can present after an acute vascular event e. g. stroke, a loss of ability to perform previously learned tasks, planning problems. Challenging behaviour is also common. Depression and lethargy is more frequent. Dementia with Lewy bodies – regular visual hallucinations, random cognitive disturbance, falls, loss of consciousness, rapid eye movement, sleep disorders. Frontotemporal dementia Language disturbance, challenging behaviour. Outline the risk factors for the most common causes of dementia (201. 3. 3) Growing old – Old age is a key risk factor for dementia. One in 14 people over the age of 65 has dementia, over the age of 80 this figure increases to 1 in 6. High blood pressure – increases the risk of developing vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Smoking – significantly increases the risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Eating a lot of saturated fat – can cause narrowing of the arteries and increase the risk of vascular dementia. Drinking large amounts of alcohol regularly – Alcohol related dementia can result from excessive consumption of alcohol over a long period of time. Heavy drinking can increase the risk of vascular dementia. Having a close relative with dementia – Makes your own chance of developing it slightly higher than someone who doesn’t have a relative with dementia. This risk is minor. Downs Syndrome – people with downs syndrome are at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease as they grow older. Approx 1/3 of people with downs syndrome in their 50s have Alzheimer’s and over 1/2 in their 60s. Obesity – increases a person’s risk of developing dementia later in life. Identify prevalence rates for different types of dementia (201. 3. 4) Alzheimer’s disease – 62% Affects around 417,000 people in the UK. Approx 98% of people with Alzheimer’s are over the age of 65. Less commonly, Alzheimer’s can develop in younger people affecting approx 5,000 people under the age of 65 in the UK. Vascular dementia – 17% Affects around 112,000 people in the UK. The risk of vascular dementia increases with age, but it is one of the most common types of dementia among the 15,000 younger people with dementia in the UK. Mixed – 10% A diagnosis of mixed dementia means that progressive damage to the brain is being caused by both Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia. Dementia with Lewy Bodies – 4% Affects around 25,000 people in the UK. More common in people over 65, in rare cases people under 65 may develop it. Frontotemporal Dementia – 2% Affects around 11,000 people in the UK. More likely to affect people under the age of 65. Outcome 4 Understand factors relating to an individuals experience of dementia Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability (201. 4. 1) Dementia is a progressive condition. Some people will retain good communication abilities, while others develop severe problems with verbal communication. Many people retain their continence while others may lose this ability. Peoples experience with dementia is unique to them. Not 2 people will experience dementia in the same way. There are many factors that play a part, the type of dementia the person has, their marital status, whether they have any other form of disability, ethnicity, where they live, age and so on. Any of these factors can affect a person’s ability to deal with the changes they experience, such as the following: Changes to social life Fatigue due to extra demand the illness places on their cognitive processes Strong emotions and sensations due to effects on the parietal lobe Physiological change as dementia affects different parts of the brain Inability to interpret what you see Younger people are more vulnerable to the unusual forms of dementia such as frontotemporal dementia. Each form of dementia has characteristic symptoms as well as more general symptoms. Dementia can be more severe in a younger person and is often associated with physical symptoms and rapid progression. If the frontal lobe or temporal part of the brain is damaged a person may start to display inappropriate behavior. People with Lewy body dementia may experience visual hallucinations, falls and irregular sleeping patterns. Young people with dementia normally have very different circumstances in life to older people with dementia. They are usually fit and healthy and this needs to be maintained for their wellbeing. It is important to remind them to attend routine check ups such as the dentist, health screenings etc as they may forget. A healthy diet is also important. The person should have a valuable role in life to give some sort of sense of achievement, confidence, empowerment etc. Younger people diagnosed with dementia may be in employment, have dependants, and have financial commitments. All of these influence the experience of living with dementia. This means services need to work to be accessible and appropriate for a younger person. As people with dementia are stereotyped as being of old age it may be difficult to find activities to suit the younger sufferers. Activities in a range of settings such as day facilities/care homes are often planned with much older and less physical people in mind. An activity that is suitable for an 87 year old woman with limited mobility may be unsuitable for an active 50 year old man with frontotemporal dementia who just wants to walk all day. As dementia is so strongly associated with older people, younger suffers can feel discriminated against. Outline the impact that the attitudes and behaviours of others may have on an individual with dementia (201. 4. 2) When a person with dementia finds that their mental abilities are declining, they often feel vulnerable and in need of reassurance and support. The people closest to them including their carers, friends and family need to do everything they can to help the person to retain their sense of identity. Positive relationships and communication help to enable positive feelings. We can support people to experience a sense of well-being by helping to boost their self-esteem and confidence by providing activities which can give a sense of purpose. Although we cannot change many of the difficult realities of peoples lives with dementia, we can attend to peoples feelings. Younger people diagnosed with dementia can feel extra stigma and discrimination. This is because dementia is so strongly associated with older people, that a younger person may not be believed when they say they have dementia, which can add to their problems. Unhelpful responses from other people can make matters a lot worse. We can support people to express their difficult feelings and gain support through doing so. And, very importantly, we can help people to experience positive feelings and achieve a sense of well-being. Much of what we hear and read about dementia does not suggest that there is any possibility of living well with it. In order to learn how to provide constructive support to people with dementia, it is important to discard some of these unhelpful views. People with dementia do not lose their identity. It is important to talk in terms of living with dementia rather than suffering from it. The starting point for positive intervention and support is an understanding of the lived experience of the person with dementia, recognition of the persons strengths and abilities, and an understanding that the person with dementia is still a unique individual with his or her own preferences, needs and story.

james Essays - Bible Translations Into English, Wycliffes Bible

Throughout the Middle Ages literacy rates were extremely low in Europe, and hand copied manuscripts were expensive. The Bible and many legal documents were written in Latin or Greek, which were becoming increasingly dead languages used only by the church. Moreover, the statute of Valencia and other statutes had made it illegal for anyone not authorized by the Church to have even the Latin and Greek versions of the of the Bible. The laity therefore had to rely on the Church, government and powers that be for understanding and interpreting these documents. With the invention of the printing press, one of the first books to be printed was the bible, which was soon translated into several languages, often badly. The errors were due in part to ignorance and in part by attempts to use the Bible to further sectarian political or theological goals. A few small parts of the Bible had been translated into vernacular at different times. King Alfred translated the ten commandments, and Bede had translated the gospel of St John into Saxon language, but the translation was lost. In the fourteenth century. Wyclif had translated parts of the Bible and this work was completed after his death. Many copies of this "Lollard" bible in middle English were distributed before the invention of printing. The Genesis narrative opened: ?In the firste made God of nougt heuene and erthe. The erthe forsothe was veyn with ynne and void, and derknessis weren vpon the face of the see; and the Spiryt of God was born vpon the watrys. And God seide, Be maad ligt; and maad is ligt.? The Wyclif (or Wycliffe) bible was completed in 1388, four years after Wycliffe's death. Wycliffe himself had translated the New Testament , relegating the Old Testament translations to assistants with the necessary language skills. These Wycliffe bibles were laboriously copied out and distributed at great risk. The Catholic Church was horrified at the possibility that everyone would be able to read the Bible. In 1399, alarmed at the spread of Lollardy, the convocation of Oxford passed the statute De Heretico Comburendum, "Of the burning of heretics." This law was passed in Parliament by King Henry IV in 1401. It provided for burning of all those who held Lollard opinions, or possessed illegal books, including the translated Bible apparently, though it is a common misconception that it was directed only against the Bible. The De Heretico Comburendo statute stated: ...that none...presume to preach openly or privily, without the license of the diocesan of the same place first required and obtained, curates in their own churches and persons hitherto privileged, and other of the Canon Law granted, only except; nor that none from henceforth anything preach, hold, teach, or instruct openly or privily, or make or write any book contrary to the catholic faith or determination of the Holy Church, nor of such sect and wicked doctrines and opinions shall make any conventicles, or in any wise hold or exercise schools; and also that none from henceforth in any wise favor such preacher or maker of any such and like conventicles, or persons holding or exercising schools, or making or writing such books, or so teaching, informing, or exciting the people, nor any of them maintain or in any wise sustain, and that all and singular having such books or any writings of such wicked doctrine and opinions, shall really with effect deliver or cause to be delivered all such books and writings to the diocesan of the same place within forty days from the time of the proclamation of this ordinance and statute. The Lollards did not believe that the wine and wafer of the communion were transsubstantiated into the blood and body of Jesus, they refused to worship the cross as an object, and held many other such "dangerous" doctrines in addition to translating the Bible. The first person to be executed under the law was Sir William Sautre, who refused to abjure, among other heresies, the following: 1. he will not worship the cross on which Christ suffered, but only Christ that suffered upon the cross. 2. he would sooner worship a temporal king, than the aforesaid wooden cross. 3. he would rather worship the bodies of

Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essays

Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essays Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essay Impact Of Terrorist Activities On Tourist Areas Tourism Essay Introduction TUI served more than 18 million clients in twelvemonth 2005 and is the largest group in regard of size, employee figure and operating net income. With the focal point of going European leader TUI started a series of acquisitions.TUI has more than 200 good established trade names like first pick, Thomson, Nouvelles Frontiere, Jet air and many others. TUI is besides the Europe s largest vacation hotelkeeper with a concatenation of monolithic 285 plus hotels. It held 75 circuit operators in 18 states with a strong clasp in transporting concern every bit good ( Refer instance survey ) . TUI has added advantage as they are really good able to pull off their air hose and hotel capacities. The company central office are in Crawley, UK.TUI now employees 50,000 people runing across 6 continents. With the amalgamation of TUI group and the UK travel group First pick vacations PLC TUI travel was formed in twelvemonth 2007. This study focuses on environmental analyses of the touristry industry, a nalyses the grounds for TUI being the European leader in travel A ; touristry industry with analyzing the impact of altering concern environment on the hereafter of TUI. Finally it analyses the assorted utilizations and restrictions of the tools used. PESTEL ANALYSIS ( Refer appendix 3 ) Political analysis Terrorist activities on tourer countries decidedly impact the economic system of a state. Tourism industry is considered to be universe s largest employer. The investing from outside is affected if there are perennial onslaughts. Tighter in-migration Torahs emerged as a consequence of increasing degrees of terrorist act globally. Political instability lowers the assurance of people sing that state like in instance of Zimbabwe and Pakistan ( Hindu, 2002 ) . Due to free trade policies the authorities intercessions has decreased which in bend suppressed the unreal monetary values promoting travel and touristry. Government plans in UK ( during 2003 ) indicates a strategic model for development of airdrome capacity therefore in bend encouraging travel. Economic analysis International touristry experienced a downswing during twelvemonth 2003 with 697 million international tourer reachings compared to 709 million in 2002 due to eroding of concern in the wake of September 11 ( tui-group, 2009 ) . With low disposable income during the economic meltdown, people now tend to cut down their traveling disbursals by curtailing their circuit to shorter finishs. The premium for insurance has shown a leap of 500 % to 1000 % because station 9/11 onslaughts people try to extinguish the component of hazard which added to cost of pull offing concern. There is an addition in the degree of touristry from emerging economic systems like China and India. With the reaching of big figure of low cost air hoses it is indispensable for TUI to keep a competitory cost construction as their profitableness could diminish. Socio-cultural analysis Harmonizing to recent survey, it is acquiring more expensive to vacation abroad. Peoples in Britain due to tighter pockets prefer to vacation at place. Changing attitudes of people towards wellness and safety resulted in Southwest air hoses anchoring its 44 aircrafts ( CNN, 2008 ) . European ordinances allow its citizen to go without the demand of any extra travel paperss ( visa ) when they are going within Europe, EU citizens do nt necessitate to undergo any particular formalities. This surely helped in growing of touristry within Europe. In recent old ages advance engagement of vacations is diminishing. Peoples now prefer to book shortly before the travel clip. Even participants like TUI are limited in pull offing capacity to last infinitesimal displacements in buying forms of consumer ensuing in decreased net income borders. Technological analysis Home-entertainment systems are going slightly a replacement for touristry. New technological inventions like videogames and cyberspace provides enjoyment in comfort of place. Internet resulted in heavy losingss to go bureaus because of direct engagement via online. Now clients can easy compare costs of each constituent of their vacation utilizing the cyberspace seting extra monetary value force per unit area ( Refer appendix 7 ) . Internet on the one manus resulted in the ruin of travel bureaus it encouraged new market participants like lastminutetickets.com and assorted others ( German travel industry, 2008 ) . Environmental analysis The environment is non able to get by with extra use of resources. Natural catastrophes like inundations are direct cause of dirt eroding and assorted other factors. The clime protection is a topic of high precedence these yearss in the touristry industry. Global warming due to shriveling natural resources and extra waste are some other countries of immediate concerns. All touristry companies are puting criterions in conformity with the altering environmental issues to increase the degree of touristry. Natural catastrophe like tsunami in the Indian Ocean resulted in immense losingss to Asiatic touristry industry and diseases like SARS and Swine grippe consequences in falling degrees of touristry in accomplished states. Legal analysis The civil air power organic structures in each state develop and supervise the safety criterions. Now safety is seen as a mean of deriving competitory advantage. Environmental ordinances are besides imposed which include cutting noise and C02 emanation degrees. With these criterions in topographic point people consider aircrafts a safe manner to go. Tourism concern cost can significantly lift if authorities issues new ordinances to wellness and safety or environment. These ordinances limit the operational efficiency of a company. Uses of PESTEL 1: Used to look at the chief scenarios impacting the scheme. 2: Informed and right determinations can be taken for future with the designation of cardinal scenarios in the present. 3: PESTEL ensures that a company s public presentation is positively aligned with the powerful forces of alteration ( Byars L ; 1992 ) . 4: It helps to rapidly accommodate to the altering concern environment. 5: This analysis is utile in understanding the market growing or diminution, concern place and way for TUI ( Kotler, P. , 1990 ) . Restrictions to PESTEL 1: The variables in this theoretical account are extremely bad so analysis of yesteryear may non be the indicant for future, in instance of TUI there is a demand to carry on separate analysis in order to place deductions of altering environment. 2: The degree of uncertainness is really hard to place. 3: There are limitless macro economic factors and analyzing all of them is really hard practically. 4: Predictions are used in this analysis so it may or may non be accurate. PORTER S FIVE FORCES ( Refer appendix 4 ) The menace of new entrants for TUI is low. It had a strong base of 18 million clients and a turnover of a‚Â ¬ 14 billion in 2005. TUI acquired already established participants, in twelvemonth 2005 it had 25 % interest in Thomas cook which is one of the oldest in touristry industry runing since 1800 s. Recent promotion in telecommunication and place amusement system are non a strong replacement so the menace of replacements is low. TUI owned more than 100 aircrafts which consequences in backward integrating. They are the circuit operators with a large ball of market portion. As these two concern units ( air hose ownership and tour operations ) are complimentary to each other they give rise to synergy ( Ensign, 1998 ) . Because of its place in the European market TUI has several options in footings of providers ensuing in low dickering power of providers. Buyer has low exchanging cost but for warrant of satisfaction purchaser has to trust on cardinal participants in the market. The touristry is a turning market and TUI is an constituted trade name with a big figure of loyal clients. A company can better its strategic position by happening providers or purchasers who possess the least power to act upon it adversely ( Kelly, 2008 ) . Its chief rivals were Thomas Cook, MyTravel, etc. There is a moderate degree of competitory competition. TUI s touristry division operates at all chief phases of touristry value concatenation and are bettering their place in the market. TUI can lose clients or can see low net income borders due to increasing competition in turning touristry industry. TUI s rivals give advantage of ego made bundles in which the clients themselves can take each constituent of their vacation. Tourism is a turning industry with WTO calculating 1 billion tourer reachings by 2010 ( Refer instance survey ) . In a turning industry if an administration wants growing it does so by anticipating its ain growing through promotion in market topographic point ( Johnson et al. , 2005 ) . Uses of Porters Five Force Analysiss 1: It helps to analyze the kineticss of industries or sector. 2: It helps to analyze the profitableness of the industry as a whole. The high degree of these forces denotes that industry is extremely competitory and may non be attractive to vie in every bit hyper competition might predominate in the industry. Restrictions of Porters Five Force Analysiss 1: It is rather a helpful tool in placing industry construction but it assumes market construction to be comparatively inactive and is non able to integrate dynamism of the industries. Hyper competition might be reduced with the acquisition of rival and that will assist to increase power over the purchasers and providers. 2: The single analysis of different sections of industry can be of much aid compared to the industry as a whole, as TUI operates in different sectors analyzing each of the sectors of the industry can supply utile consequences. 3: Industry construction is affected by convergence. 4: It does non take into consideration the menace of complementary merchandises which can be offered with the chief merchandise for which clients are prepared to pay more. 5: The human resource facet of scheme is neglected in five forces theoretical account, it does non see civilization and direction accomplishments. 6: Analyzing a complex industry construction gets really tough as five forces model is best suited and applicable for simple market constructions. 7: Five forces model focal point on the external competitory environment and do non look inside the company s internal environment. In contrast to this resource base position high spots that there should be a tantrum between the two environments. Strategic capablenesss and competitory advantage Competitive advantage is accomplishable if an administration has capablenesss that no other can copy ( Johnson et al.,2008 ) .TUI offers differentiated merchandises that no other participant can fit, in add-on to that these merchandises are tailored to include extra installations ( TUI Travel, 2008 ) . Their effectual distribution channel and direct merchandising increase their net income borders. They provide clients with direct entree and by bettering the experience of engagement, their travel clip and after gross revenues service they strengthen their client trueness and keeping. Competitive advantage is created and sustained when a company has alone capablenesss. TUI s circuit operators determine their flight capacity supplying premium border. They manage their capacity in conformity to altering environment. They provide clients with lower monetary values and extra merchandise characteristics. Making certain that needed attending is paid to accomplishing and bettering the cost ef ficiency is an of import strategic capableness. Effective direction of cost can assist accomplishing competitory advantage. The chief cost drivers in instance of TUI that determines cost efficiency are discussed these drivers help them to achieve cost leading.1 ) TUI is the taking European circuit operator ( Refer appendix 1 ) and enjoys the assorted advantages of economic systems of scale.2 ) Their operations in broad geographical locations helps to cut down supplier cost and with backward integrating they further lower down cost incurred. In add-on to this by doing direct gross revenues ( 75 % ) they cut down their disbursals.3 ) their cost place is influenced by their ability to understand what their clients want. Differentiated merchandises generate 46 % of their mainstream circuit operator turnover. 4 ) They acquired experient participants and have all the cognition to help them to accomplish cost efficiency ( Johnson et al. , 2008 ) . TUI s competitory range is really wide and attains competitory advantage through overall cost leading. Their strong base of loyal clients indicates that they maintain their place as European touristry industry leaders. Using the benefits of decreased providers cost they give their merchandise the advantage of lower monetary value compared to any of its rivals ( Refer appendix 6 ) . Resources Competence Capabilities for competitory advantage Unique Resources Differentiated Product offering. Power Brands. Effective distribution channels. Core Competences Ability to pull off capacity. Backward Integration. Economies of graduated table. TUI s VALUE CHAIN ( Refer Appendix 5 ) TUI created their ain providers ( ex air hoses, hotels ) cutting the intermediates in the supply concatenation, it helped TUI to distribute across the value concatenation. With backward integrating they cut provider cost and provided the client with same merchandise at a cheaper monetary value therefore achieving cost leading. TUI s touristry division map division operates at all chief phases of a touristry value concatenation, whether it be retail gross revenues of merchandise through travel bureaus, air transit or be it hotels. There to the full incorporate concern theoretical account provide the advantage to consumer runing from broad assortment of all inclusive travel bundle to single merchandises like flight merely or adjustment merely. Strengths: TUI strengths gave them added advantage every bit compared to their rivals. They obtain competitory advantage through there scheme of cost leading. They have all the resources and experience to prolong the competitory advantage. TUI has good established and effectual distribution channels. Peoples can choose for either booking through their renowned travel bureaus or through cyberspace or call Centres. TUI adopted several steps to better their client service. They on a regular basis conduct studies to better their trade name portfolio. TUI operates in two cardinal sections i.e. mainstream which includes sale of differentiated merchandises and other is their specializer constituent which include engagements of flights, autos etc. TUI offers a broad scope of differentiated merchandises that no other participant in the industry can fit. The differentiated merchandises provided them with added competitory advantage and with earlier engagements they generate premium borders. TUI acquired already established participants so it helped them to derive better experience. Economies of scale benefit for TUI. Backward integrating in instance of TUI resulted in decrease of provider cost. Failings TUI does non supply ample inexpensive adjustments as bulk of the hotels they own are luxury hotels. So there is a tough competition from the inexpensive hotel providers to TUI. TUI should see of possessing more of the budget hotels. TUI 900 million lb of stockholder loan is a major drawback ( Financial Times, 2009 ) . Likely deductions of altering concern environment TUI is the largest participant in the European market. TUI can come in into hedges against the fluctuations in the fuel monetary values. If TUI gets into understanding to pay a stable monetary value it can endure losingss in the hereafter as oil monetary values may travel down. The fuel monetary values are capable to political and economical factors that are beyond the control of TUI. TUI doubled their fuel surcharge in 2008 ; higher surcharge may ensue in clients traveling for its rivals offering inexpensive trades ( Guardian, 2008 ) . No state is safe from the menace of a terrorist onslaught. Terrorism is coercing many states to follow stricter and tighter in-migration Torahs. Now a visa applier has to undergo rigorous cheques before being granted the needed permission. The degree of terrorist act is on rise in emerging economic systems like India, the onslaught on Mumbai province received world-wide attending. TUI buys capacity on both long and short term contracts. The contacts require TUI to purchase a certain sum of capacity each twelvemonth. These contracts allow TUI to switch some capacity back to hotels and air hoses. Any terrorist incident with TUI can ensue in people developing perceptual experience of TUI as less safe or dependable than its rivals. TUI needs to regularly supervise the preventative steps they have applied to undertake the menace of any terrorist activity, this may take to breaks in normal concern finally taking to loss. With competition acquiring tougher everyone is seeking to last. There is a demand for low cost circuit bundles which is good for big participants as they normally exploit the benefit of economic systems of graduated table. TUI can tackle this market as there is no other rival with such big market portion. TUI s ain providers help to cut down overall cost of the merchandise they offer. With any economic downswings in the hereafter there can be a important bead in travel and touristry. Decrease in gross revenues and decrease in the engagements came as a direct consequence of economic lag ( SkyNews, 2009 ) . The hotel concatenation of TUI needs to regularly update their license understandings. A touristry company has to stay with broad scope of wellness A ; safety and environmental ordinances in each phase of its concern. The aircraft noise has to be in allowable bounds, they besides have to cut down their C emanation degrees. New environmental or wellness A ; safety ordinances may increase the costs of TUI significantly The cardinal drivers of alteration can impact how TUI operates conducts its normal concern activities ensuing in deduction of altering schemes with the demands of the current market. Opportunities The client demands are altering ; TUI provides flexible travel experience with a broad scope of differentiated merchandises. Introducing into new European markets some specialist trade names aiming activity and specializer sector. They are bring forthing premium borders with early engagements and flexibleness in aircraft and adjustment contracts. The operating net income can be farther increased via provider and 3rd party distributer funded price reductions and capacity direction across the portfolio. Expanding the group and making value through acquisition. Strengthening place in emerging markets like Russia. Menaces Economic conditions-Recession Restrictive capacity direction in all beginnings of market-Losses They own really few budget hotels. Most of the hotels they own autumn in luxury class. Lower occupation security, increased clip spent in instruction implies that there are longer period of low income for clients relative to the outgo. With merely 44.8 % German travelers with net income less than euro 1000 traveling for a vacation of 5 yearss or more ( German travel industry, 2008 ) . Changing demands of the client. Terrorism Fluctuating oil monetary values Impact of altering concern environment on TUI s hereafter Swot: -Uses An administration can back up its hereafter programs related to strategic development efficaciously after analyzing the mentioned factors ( SWOT ) . It addresses the cardinal issue by assisting to place the relevant information. A complex state of affairs is easy analysed utilizing this theoretical account. Swot: Restrictions The degree of importance is non clearly understood out of the assorted factors identified utilizing the SWOT analysis. It merely provides the overview of the topic but does non supply aid to acquire any inside informations. Using this analysis we can value the competency of an administration, but it is non understood. Categorizing some facet as strengths, failing, chances or menaces is to some extent subjective as they may non ever suit into that class. Ansoff s Matrix ( Refer appendix 8 ) . Sellers with the usage of Ansoff matrix consider ways of spread outing their concern chances via bing or new merchandises into bing or new markets. TUI has a considerable portion in touristry industry. It has penetrated profoundly in to go and tourism market with its operations in all chief parts of touristry value concatenation. With its cost leading advantage it offers low cost options to its clients beef uping its client trueness and keeping. To set with the altering demands of the touristry industry TUI started selling single travel constituents like flight merely or adjustment merely option. TUI s rivals started offering these markets in the early 2000 s giving a new merchandise to the market ( Johnson et al. , 2005 ) . TUI ever looks forward to spread out its concern by capturing new markets. It entered in to one of the emerging economic systems India in 2005. Uses and Restrictions of Ansoff s Matrix Uses: Along with other theoretical accounts like grind, pestle etc. Ansoff can be used for puting aims for a company Restrictions: Can non be used in isolation as it can supply the complete strategic scenario. Does non supply overview of selling options available. Decision: TUI is the European leader in touristry and travel industry. Environmental analysis of touristry industry as a whole highlighted several factors which are indispensable for TUI for puting future aims. TUI s chief advantage lies in cost leading which it attains by runing at all phases of touristry value concatenation, which is slightly hard for its rivals to copy. The altering concern environment can raise some issues and these cardinal drivers of alteration are discussed with its deductions on the hereafter of TUI. Mentions Byars, L. ( 1991 ) , Strategic Management: Formulation and Implementation, 3rd ed. , New York: Harper Collins Ensign, P ( 1998 ) , Interrelationships and Horizontal Strategy to Achieve Strategy and Competitive Advantage in the Diversified Firm , Management Decisions, Vol. 36, Issue. 10, pp. 657-668. Fiscal Times. ( 2009, September ) . TUI takes stairss to refinance loans. Retrieved november 02, 2009, from www.ft.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/0/258da2ca-acd0-11de-91dc-00144feabdc0.html German travel industry. ( 2008 ) . Retrieved november 01, 2009, from www.fvw-mediengruppe.de: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fvw-mediengruppe.de/files/Marketing_Presentation_FVW_Mediengruppe.pdf Guardian. ( 2008, June 8 ) . who will last the storm. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from www.guardian.co.uk: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2008/jun/08/flights.travelnews Hindu, T. ( 2002, february 01 ) . The Hindoo: political instability has hit Pakistan s economic system: WTO. Retrieved november 2, 2009, from thehindu: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thehindu.com/2002/02/01/stories/2002020103361000.htm Johnson, G. , Scholes, K. A ; Whittington, R. ( 2008 ) , Researching Corporate Strategy, 8th ed. , FT Prentice Hall. Johnson, G. , Scholes, A ; Whittington, R. ( 2005 ) , Researching Corporate Strategy, 7th ed. , FT Prentice Hall. Kelly, Phil, ( 2008 ) International Business And Management Custom Edition, South-Western Cenage Learning. Kotler, P. ( 1990 ) , Selling: An Introduction, 2nd ed. , Prentice Hall Lynch, Richard ( 1997 ) , Corporate scheme ,1st Edition, Financial Times Pitman Printing Porter, M. E. ( 1985 ) . Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. The Free Imperativeness SkyNews. ( 2009, May 11 ) . TUI travel foremost one-fourth consequences. Retrieved 10 28, 2009, from www.news.sky.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Business/Tui-Travel-First-Quarter-Results-Demand-For-Long-Haul-Flights-Up-Despite-Swine-Flu-But-Sales-Down/Article/200905215279320? f=rss Thompson, John L. ( 1997 ) , Strategic Management: Awareness and Change , 3rd Edition, International Thompson Publishing Company TUI Travel, P. ( 2008 ) . scheme and jussive moods. Retrieved november 2, 2009, from TUI Travel PLC: hypertext transfer protocol: //ara2008.tuitravelplc.com/tui-ar2008/pages/ourbusiness/strategy Appendix: -2 Tourism group Turnover ( one million millions of euro ) TUI 13.1 Thomas cook 7.5 My travel 4.9 Rewe 4.2 First pick 3.5 Kuoni 2.3 Club med 1.6 Alltours 1.3 Hotelplan 1.2 Appendix: 3 POLITICAL Terrorism or menace of terrorist act Political instability Tax policies Expansion of airdrome capacity ECONOMIC Recession High Insurance cost Tourism from emerging economic systems Excess capacity Increased competition-low cost air hoses etc. Oil monetary values SOCIO-CULTURAL Changing attitudes for wellness A ; safety Free motion Tourism is considered as necessity Consumer behaviour-late engagements. TECHNOLOGICAL Home-entertainment Engendering new concerns Internet-modular bundles ENVIRONMENTAL Global heating Health crisis Natural catastrophe LEGAL Airline safety ordinances Environmental and wellness and safety ordinances Appendix: -4 Porter s five forces model High Barrier to entry High Capital demand High economic systems of graduated table of established participants Established distribution channel Experience of established participants Brand distinction Low Bargaining Power for Suppliers Backward integrating Large figure of providers Moderate Bargaining Power for Buyer Low shift cost No distinction on the service Moderate Competitive competition Growth market Differentiation High fixed cost Low Menaces of Substitutes No presence of any strong replacement Appendix: -5 VALUE CHAIN APPENDIX 6 Appendix 7

Using the Spanish Verb Tratar

Using the Spanish Verb 'Tratar' It may not seem logical that the same Spanish verb might mean to try and to treat, but such is the case with tratar. Tratar is a fairly common verb that also has other meanings that dont seem particularly related. In general, though, the word has to do with dealing with a person, activity, or thing. Often, the meaning of tratar depends on the preposition that follows, although even that isnt always a sure guide. Perhaps more so than with most verbs, you need to rely on the context of the sentence to determine the meaning. Common Meanings of Tratar by Itself One of the most typical uses of tratar is to refer to treating someone or something in a specified way: Nos trataban como a animales y en ocasiones peor. (They treated us like animals and sometimes worse.)Siempre he estado en paz debido a la forma en que mi madre me tratà ³. (I have always been at peace because of the way my mother treated me.) ¡No me trates como a un nià ±o! (Dont treat me as a child!) More specifically, tratar is often used to refer to medical treatment. La enfermedad de Lyme se trata con antibià ³ticos. (Lymes disease is treated with antibiotics.)Los mà ©dicos van a tratar de detener la hemorragia con medicamentos. (The doctors are going use a treatment of stopping the hemorrhage with medications.)Trataron el dolor con morfina por casi una semana. (They treated the pain with morphine for almost a week.)El hospicio trata al paciente como a una persona en su totalidad. (A hospice treats the patient as a person in his or her totality.) Using Tratar With De When tratar is followed by the preposition de and an infinitive, it meant to try or attempt: Aquà ­ no tratamos de ganar mentes y corazones, porque es irrelevante. (Here we are not trying to win hearts and minds, because it is irrelevant.)Trate de nadar por lo menos una hora y quince minutos. (Try to swim at least an hour and 15 minutes.)Los participantes del estudio que fotografiaron sus alimentos perdieron ms peso que aquellos que simplemente trataron de comer ms sanamente. (The study participants who photographed their food lost more weight than those who simply tried to eat more healthily.)Tratarà © de esturiar todos los dà ­as que pueda excepto los lunes. (I will try to study every day I can except for Mondays.)Trata de ponerte en mis zapatos. (Try to put yourself in my shoes.) When the reflexive form tratarse is followed by de, it indicates the subject of something or what its about. Fahrenheit 451 trata de una sociedad totalitaria donde los libros estn prohibidos. (Fahrenheit 451 is about a totalitarian society where books are banned.)Se trata del coche de mi padre, doy una opinià ³n de primera mano. (On the subject of my fathers car, I am giving a firsthand opinion.) ¿De quà © trata? Whats it about?La vida se trata de contentamiento y gratitud. (Life is about contentment and gratitude.) Using Tratar With Con When either tratar or tratarse is followed by con, the preposition usually meaning with, it can refer to a relationship between two or more parties. Note that in some contexts, tratar con can instead me to treat with. Este cambio afectar la manera en que usted trata con su compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de telà ©fonos. (This change will affect the way you do business with your phone company.)Con respecto al amor, no me trato con gente mayor que yo. (When it comes to romance, I dont have relationships with people older than I am.)Sin embargo, muchas veces se tratà ³ con à ©l. (Nevertheless, I often had dealings with him.)Los compaà ±eros tratan con mucho respeto. (The companions treat each other with great respect.) Key Takeaways Tratar often means to treat, as in treating someone or something a certain way, or in providing medical treatment.Tratar de when followed an infinitive usually means to try or attempt.Tratarse de is used to indicate what something is about.

Explaining the assertions in the quotation in your own words Essay

Explaining the assertions in the quotation in your own words - Essay Example In other words, the quotist asserts that a tyrant does not need to face an electorate to approve his leadership, since it is authoritarian. On this note, the author asserts that in a democracy, politicians use languages that are polite, and convincing to lie to the people on the importance of their policies, and why they ought to take office. In his own opinion, in a democracy, there is no honesty, and people take power through dishonest means, for purposing of advancing their own agendas, at the expense of the citizens of the state. The author also asserts that, in a democracy, a leader is praised by the same crowd when he is doing good, and his failures unknown. Immediately his failures are known, he faces hostility from the same crowd that praised him before. On this note, the author asserts that in a democracy, in as much as leaders are not honest, people are also not honest. They are unstable in their minds, concerning a particular leader, or policy, and on this note, they do not know what they need. Their needs are only defined by those in authority. The author further asserts that the people of Thebes cannot manage democracy. He is of the opinion that, the people cannot form true judgments, and therefore lack the ability to govern a state. He also asserts that, people in Thebes are so much pre-occupied with economic benefits that they do not put their minds on politics. On this note, the author asserts that democracy gives an opportunity to a person with no values and morality, to take office. The person depends on his wealth, and once in office, he will serve his own interests. Some of the assertions on this quote are right, and some are wrong. For instance, the assertion that in a democracy a ruler must consult in order to enact a policy is true (Tilly, 51). Democracy provides an opportunity to the citizens of the state, to engage themselves in the governance of their state (Kraut, 41). In a democracy, people choose their

Hip-hop lyrics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hip-hop lyrics - Research Paper Example The degree of influence varies from one child to another. Experts are not unanimous in their conclusions. The influence of rap music, which is synonymous with hip-hop music, is intense on the minds of children and it can have mostly negative or some positive effects. The worrying factor is, hip-hop has become part of the popular culture. It has made rapid strides since it originated 1970s. â€Å"It is a known fact that hip-hop has taken over, in a sense, the mainstream youth culture,† said Emmett Price, a professor at Northeastern University in Boston, who teaches hip-hop culture. â€Å"So, the young kids from the age of being able to speak to going on to high school are influenced by hip-hop culture whether they listen to music or not.† (Killion†¦) Researchers are busy analyzing and trying to prove that a correlation exists between rap music and increased criminal behavior, sexual activity and drug use. Tricia Rose opines, â€Å"A key aspect of much of the criticism that has been leveled at hip-hop is the claim that it glorifies, encourages, and thus causes violence. This argument goes as far back as the middle to 1980s—the so-called golden age of hip-hop—when politically radical hip hop artists, such as Public Enemy, who referred to direct and sometimes armed resistance against racism ‘by any means necessary,’ were considered as advocates of violence.†(p.34) Young kids have a tendency to believe what they see over and over again, as truth. The wise saying goes—a lie repeated from a platform a thousand times, becomes the truth.’ In the present times of internet revolution, it is necessary that the young kids should know many things, but is highly desirable that they should not know some things. Their minds quickly receive information that may prove intensely harmful in the long run. Kids interpret what they see from the level of their understanding and without the proper contextualization. The issue is, children take what

The Discovery Essay Example for Free

The Discovery Essay ‘The Discovery’, by J. C Squire describes a historical event: Christopher Columbus’s ‘discovery’ of the New World on his 1942 expedition across the Atlantic Ocean which initiated the process of Spanish colonisation. The poem has gone by several names including ‘The Caravels, ‘Sonnet’ and ‘There was an Indian’. John Collings Squire (J. C Squire) (1884-1958) was a British poet, writer, historian, influential literary critic and editor of the post WW1 period. He was also a leading poet of the Georgian period. The poem is a simple sonnet; made up of two quatrains and a sestet. The rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, efegfg. The rhyme creates a steady, forward-moving motion similar to the movement of the waves and the inevitability of the oncoming Spanish vessels reaching the shore. The poet uses simple language and imagery which mirror the uncomplicated life of the Indian from whose perspective this historical event is retold. The discovery of the New World is often related from the perspective of the Spanish colonisers of the 15th and 16th centuries. Squire also reminds us that this was a two-fold discovery as the indigenous Americans discovered a new world of their own. The phrase, ‘an Indian’, in the first stanza lends a sense of anonymity to the identity of the Indian who witnesses the arrival of Columbus. The indefinite article (an) allows us to believe that this Indian represents all Native Americans. The opening line is reminiscent of a folktale. This style suggests a mythologizing of this historical event, infusing it with an element of magic. One might also believe it to be an example of the oral tradition of legends told among Native Americans. Like other Indians, the Indian in the poem ‘had known no change’. His life consisted of gathering shells; a simple way of life that belonged to an old civilisation for which this discovery was sure to be a shock. The alliteration of ‘s/sh’ in the line ‘†¦ along a sunlit beach. Gathering shells’ depicts the calm, serene and uninterrupted life of the natives. He ‘strayed content’ almost aimlessly, along a ‘sunlit beach’, in no rush to go about his simple life. The presence of dawn symbolises the dawn of a new era in the life of the Indian. We are reminded that historical records show that the event occurred at dawn. Light also symbolises knowledge and discovery for both the Spanish and the Indians. The caesura in the third line ‘He heard a sudden, strange commingled noise’ effectively draws our attention to the abrupt change in this tranquil picture. The caesura evokes a sense of confusion in the atmosphere which was once silent but is now filled with an unfamiliar noise. This is created through the use of alliteration and hard consonants. The Indian’s reaction in the last line of the first stanza ‘looked up: and gasped for speech’ indicates how amazed and speechless he was. The caesura in line four ‘Commingled noise: looked up; and gasped for speech’, also denotes the abrupt actions and reactions of the Indian man. The second stanza is linked to the first stanza by means of a further explanation for the sudden change in the first quatrain. The poet evokes the Indian’s tone of amazement and wonder at the appearance of the ‘huge canoes’ that appear ‘by magic’. The idea of magic evokes a contrast between the two civilisations; the superstitious, tribal beliefs of the natives versus the more advanced scientific beliefs of the Spanish. The poet also evokes the serene, tranquil and undefiled setting and one of confusion which is emphasised by the impressive image of these unnatural and unfamiliar sea vessels on the water. The Indian is unfamiliar with these large ships. In fact, he can only describe them in terms of what he already knows, for eg. ‘huge canoes’ and ‘not one oar’. The Indian’s tone of awe is audible even though the poet does not give him a voice. Perhaps, this is to further emphasise the domination and oppression of the Spanish colonisation of the Native Americans stamping out their voice, culture and traditions. The images used in the stanza are simple yet vivid as can be seen through the image of the ‘Bellying cloths’ and ‘Fluttering coloured signs. The second quatrain is stylistically interesting because the poet is conscious of the different perspectives: that of the Indian man who tries to describe these unfamiliar objects by adapting them to those he is familiar with, and that of the reader who has a knowledge of history and immediately recognises the Indian’s attempt to describe the billowing sails, fluttering flags and ‘clambering crews’. The alliteration of the letter ‘k’ sound in the last line of the second stanza ‘And fluttering coloured signs and clambering crews’, reminds us of the confusion and cacophony created by the sailors as they prepare to land. The third stanza, the ‘sestet’, begins with the conjunction ‘And’, linking it to the previous stanzas. There is now a Volta as the focus shifts to the Indian’s reaction to the caravels. There is an even greater use of caesura which creates an abrupt and staccato rhythm which might reflect the fear that has overcome the Indian, maybe his accelerated heartbeat too. The Volta between the second and third stanzas is also evident in the rhyme scheme which suggests the inevitable, impending conclusion to this sighting as the caravels ‘Slant to the shore, and all their seamen land’. The final stanza draws a clear contrast between the native, who is ‘naked’ and ‘alone’ and the numerous sailors disembarking ‘Columbus’ doom-burdened caravels’. The Indian’s nakedness suggests his primitive lifestyle and his defencelessness. The Indian reacts ‘in fear’ and drops his shells. This symbolises the fall of the native civilisation; his face turns white and he also kneels behind a stone. He stares at this monstrous sight and ‘did not understand’ the full impact of what was unfolding before his eyes. The poet’s intention is to make the contrast between the Spanish and the Indian evidently clear and simple to the reader, in order to draw our attention to the other side of the story which is rarely told in history books. This is emphasised by the choice of perspective for the poem. The image of ‘Columbus’ doom-burdened caravels’ is a powerful one, suggesting a grimly mocking or cynical tone because these caravels symbolise the beginning of the corruption of old civilisations. The final image of the sailors landing on shore is ominous, adding to the heaviness that weighs upon the reader’s knowledge of what will inevitably follow. The poem ends abruptly as the poet does not need to tell us anything else due to the readers’ knowledge of what happens next which has been documented in the history books.

History of the Spanish Language Essay -- history, official language

A language, much like a person, is molded over time by different experiences, and is influenced by the languages which surround it. History has taught us time and time again that all it takes is one action to change the course of a language. During the battle of Hastings, King Harold II was shot in the eye by the Norman invaders; resulting in the Norman-French language all but taking over English in the 11th century AD. This seemingly insignificant event would forever change the way that English is spoken. Similar to English, Spanish is from the Indo-European family of languages. Unlike English however, Spanish is derived from a category of the Romance Languages, of which it is the most widely spoken today. The Spanish language is also known as Castilian, which is the dialect from which Modern Spanish is derived, and originated in the Iberian Peninsula of Spain. Today, Spanish is the official language of: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Spanish has evolved, in a multilingual environment, over the course of the last 2000 years, beginning with Vulgar Latin, it evolved into medieval Castilian in the 8th century, it then became Early Modern Spanish during 15th century, finally it became Modern Spanish from the 16th century on. The Second Punic war, beginning in 218 BC, was the second major war between the Roman Empire and the Carthage. Around the same time, the Roman Empire deployed troops to the Northeastern peninsula of Spain to keep reinforcements, from the Carthaginian South, from getting to Hannibal’s armies in Italy to assist them. In A Histor... .... An Introduction to Vulgar Latin,. Boston: D.C. Heath &, 1907. Google Scholar. 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 4 Nov. 2015. Green, Jennifer L. "The Development of Maritime Law in Medieval Spain: The Case of Castile and the Siete Partidas." The Historian 58.3 (1996): 575. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Nov. 2015. . Penny, Ralph J. A History of the Spanish Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2002. Print. Rodriguez Gonzalez, Felix. "Anglicisms in Contemporary Spanish. An Overview (1)." Atlantis, Revista De La Asociacià ³n Espaà ±ola De Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos 21.1-2 (1999): 103. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Nov. 2015. .

Czech Cultural Analysis

Cultural Analysis – Czech Republic Missouri University of Science and Technology ` table of contents table of contentsii 1. 0Czech vs u. s. Culture – hofstede’s model3 2. 0Czech business culture – trompenaaris classificaion7 3. 0U. S. Business culture change needed7 4. 0bibliography9 1. 0Czech vs u. s. Culture – hofstede’s model The Czech Republic has its roots as a former communist state known as Czechoslovakia. The fall of communism and the transformation to a democratic government has seasoned this country’s history. From the â€Å"Velvet Revolution† in 1989 to the charismatic leadership of the poet Vaclav Havel, the Czech Republic has developed well in the European cultures (Katz 2008). The Czech Republic had an estimated GDP of $288. 6 billion in 2011, which is ranked 45th against other world countries. Auto exports are the main economic driver with Germany being a large consumer of their export goods (The cia world, 2012). Context The classification of high-context or low-context gives us very useful cultural distinctions. A high-context culture relies heavily on unspoken cues in conversation. They tend to want to establish trust first in business negotiations, value a personal relations and goodwill, agree by general trust, and negotiate in a slow ritualistic manner. A low-context culture generally gets straight to the point and does not bother with ritualistic negotiations or getting to know one another personally before business deals. A low-context culture usually values expertise and performance, likes to make agreements with legalistic types of contracts, and negotiates as effective as possible (Kreitner, 2012). People in the Czech Republic tend to use body language sparingly with little physical contact. However, when communicating with them, silence could mean a problem, especially if they lower their eyes. The Czech people value punctuality and are a schedule oriented people. They like to schedule meetings in advance and require notification if one is going to be late. The Czech do like to get down to business, but the pace of business could be slow at first until you build relationship. The Czechs also prefer written terms and conditions when making business transactions (Katz 2008). All of these characteristics describe a low-context culture. The U. S. s a low-context culture as well (Kreitner, 2012), so doing business with Czech people will not seem too foreign to our U. S. company. Hofstede’s Model The Hofstede’s Model can be used to help classify the national culture of the Czech Republic and can give us insight into how the U. S. compares. With this information, we can determine if our company culture is a good fit for doing business in the Czech Republic. The 5 cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s model will be used: power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation and will be compared to our U. S. results. Power distance is defined as a dimension that deals with the fact that not all individuals in society are equal. This dimension captures the attitude of a culture toward this reality. A low score would mean that the culture has an attitude that people should be equal in society, and a high score would represent an attitude of acceptance of these large inequalities in society. The U. S. scores low on this dimension (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). We subscribe to the mentality of â€Å"liberty and justice for all,† which can explain the low score. The Czech Republic has a slightly higher score than the U. S. hich means that they have an attitude more acceptable of societal inequalities (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). This can probably be traced back to their roots as a communist country, where societal members had to get used to the one party government that was highly hierarchal. The individualism dimension captures the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members (Kreitner, 2012). The U. S. scores very high on the individualism dimension. We are accustomed to the idea that we need to take care of ourselves and our families. â€Å"Rugged individualism† is a characteristic of many Americans and politicians. The Czech Republic, on the other hand, score much lower score on individualism, and tend to value the mentality that â€Å"we are in this together. † This can be seen in their different types of advertising in their country. Their advertising constantly appeals to family happiness, togetherness, and friendship focusing on groups of people enjoying life together (Taylor, 2002). Masculinity is a dimension that characterizes a culture’s tendency toward valuing competition and success defined by winning at whatever the challenge, or the culture’s value of caring of others and quality of life. A high masculinity score would be the former and a lower masculinity score would be the latter. The Czech Republic and the U. S. have a very similar score here (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). They are both right in the middle of the scale and can be categorized as having a good balance between competition and striving to be on top as the winner, and caring for others along the way. Uncertainty avoidance is a dimension that captures a society’s way that they deal with ambiguity. The anxiety of an unknown future can lead to a societal out pour that creates beliefs or institutions to try to avoid this anxiety (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). In the Czech Republic, the older generations tend to want to avoid uncertainty and are reluctant to take risks. This can most likely be traced back to when the country was communist. The younger generations are, however, more open due to more international exposure, but the Czech Republic scores relatively high in this dimension (Katz 2008). The U. S. has a significantly lower score when it comes to uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). The U. S. is willing to take risks and accepts risk as part of life and business. The U. S. culture is more open to new ideas and is willing to try something new or different. The U. S. subscribes to the value of â€Å"freedom of expression. † Long-term orientation is the measure of where a society is focused. It can be defined as â€Å"the extent to which a society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view† (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). Both the Czech Republic and the U. S. score low on this dimension. This means that business measure their performance on a short-term basis. They are focused on what they can earn right now, and can be seen in the fact that profits are calculated on a quarterly reporting basis. This drives people to struggle for quick results in the work place. The Czech Republic can be said to be competitive, but know the value of a long-term relationship (Katz 2008). Even with this said, the Czech Republic scores a lower score than the U. S. These five cultural dimensions described above can be seen graphically in the figures below (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). Figure 1: Hofstede dimensions of Czech Republic and U. S. 2. 0Czech business culture – trompenaaris classificaion The Czech Republic could be classified as having a Guided Missile corporate culture. Czechs highly value formal education and expertise. They recognize and value the power of knowledge (Katz 2008). The Czech people like the win-win negotiations and strive for this in business transactions. They place this mentality on business with a focus on task oriented business success (Katz 2008). Negotiations are competitive, but business men in the Czech Republic tend to hold their cards close to their chest and do not lie often (Katz 2008). Czech management is seen as a team leader with the organization predominantly a continuous process of solving problems successfully. This is in somewhat contrast as to the U. S. company. The U. S. Company is described as an Incubator. This company is person-oriented and values giving power to the individual (Trompenaars, 2003). This is in contrast to the more structured corporate structure of the Guided Missile. The Incubator has the main characteristics that value commitment of oneself and professional recognition, where the Guided Missile’s characteristics are more of paying for performance and management by objectives (Trompenaars, 2003). 3. 0U. S. Business culture change needed A culture change may or may not be needed for the U. S. Company to thrive in the Czech Republic. There will be some corporate cultural tension, however, which can be the catalyst or driving force for change according to Fons Trompenaars (Trompenaars, 2003). One way to manage corporate culture change when going from U. S. to the Czech Republics would be to restructure authority to managers who have show innovation and learning as their main objectives in their goals. Another way to foster change would be to make learning and improvement a part of day to day task descriptions. Finally it would be beneficial to the U. S. Company to describe rewards in terms of clearly stated innovation outputs. These techniques described above will help foster culture change in the U. S. Company to move toward a more ideal corporate culture from an Incubator to a Guided Missile (Trompenaars, 2003). 4. 0bibliography Katz, L. (2008). Negotiating international business – the negotiator’s reference guide. (2nd ed. , pp. 1-5). Retrieved from http://www. globalnegotiationresources. com/cou/CzechRepublic. pdf (2012). The cia world factbook. Washington D. C. : The U. S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved from https://www. ia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ez. html Kreitner, R. (2012). Organizational behavior. (10 ed. ). Arizona: McGraw- Hill. Hofstede, G. , & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, by hofstede, 2nd revised and expanded edition. New York: McGraw Hill. Taylor, Charles (2002). Advertising in the Czech Republic: Czech perceptions of effective advertising and advertising clutter. Vol. Iss: 12, pp. 137 – 149. Trompenaars, F. (2003). A new framework for managing change across cultures. Journal of change management, 3(4), 361-375.

“What is right and wrong?” and “What is Truth?”

Life is characterized by many situations that require decision making, especially on moral grounds. The issue of what makes an action right and wrong has been studied for a lengthy period of time and several theories developed to address this issue. Socrates and Aristotle are some of the early philosophers who came up with theories about the rightness or wrongness of actions. As noted by Warnek (2005), Socrates considered self-knowledge as necessity of life and also, an important ingredient to success. Socrates stated that every individual needs to attain self-knowledge which is acquired by studying every fact necessary for existence. Socrates believed that by possessing knowledge about what is right, individuals are most likely to perform good deeds and that the bad deeds in the society come from those who are ignorant of what is right and wrong. Socrates proposed that, by being aware of the spiritual and mental consequences of wrong actions, no individual would even consider engaging in such actions. According to Socrates, any individual who is aware of a truly right action will automatically choose it over the wrong one. Aristotle on the other hand stated that all humans have physical, emotional and rational natures. Of the three, Aristotle considered the rational nature as not only being the most important of the three but also uniquely human and fundamental to philosophical self-awareness. Aristotle encouraged moderation and regarded extreme actions as being immoral and degrading. For instance, recklessness and cowardice are extreme virtues of courage. Therefore, According to Aristotle, humans should strive to live well by letting their actions be governed by moderate virtues. He further stated that this way of life can be achieved by choosing the right things in life at the right time and place. The ethical theories associated with the modern era include consequentialism and deontology. Consequentialism is made up of moral theories that propose that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the outcome or the consequences of the act (Darwall, 2003). Thus, from the perspective of a consequentialist, a morally right act is one that results in a positive or good outcome. Consequentialist theories put a lot of weight on outcomes when assessing the rightness or wrongness of actions. Generally, according to consequentialists, consequences always outweigh all other considerations when determining right and wrong. Most of the consequentialist theories generally address issues like consequences considered as good, the main beneficiaries of moral actions, the mode or judging consequences, and who is to judge them. Consequentialism can be categorized according to the consequences that matter most. For example, hedonistic utilitarianists propose that good or the right actions are those that result in increments of pleasure, and the best actions are those that result in the most pleasure. The other category is that of eudaimonic consequentialism, who believe that the right action is one that ultimately aims at making an individual achieve a flourishing and full life (Darwall, 2003). Similarly, the consequence that matters most to aesthetic consequentialists is beauty and there are numerous other consequentialist theories that regard different things to be of uttermost importance. Deontologists differ from consequentialists in that, unlike consequentialists who examine the consequences when seeking to determine the rights and wrongs, deontologists examine the virtue of the act. Thus, according to deontologists, an act can be right even if it results in negative or bad consequences. Immanuel Kant is among the individuals who adopted the deontology when coming up with theories addressing righteousness and wrongness (Brooks & Dunn, 2009). Kant argues that individuals must act according to their duties if their actions are to be considered right and also that it is the motives of the individual carrying out the act that are the primary determinants of the rightness or wrongness of their actions. Postmodern ethics however approaches this issue from a different perspective. According to postmodernists, the world is full of rationality and if one is to determine the rightness or wrongness of an action, the individual would first have to study the complex situations surrounding the action. Thus, according to postmodernism, an idea cannot be simply regarded as right or wrong and there are no moral absolutes. For instance, if one were to find oneself in the Second World War, hiding a Jew in his or her house and a Nazi solder knocks on the individual’s door and asks the individual if he or she has any Jews in his or her house, would it be right or wrong to tell the truth knowing that his or her answer will determine if the Jew lives or not? Such an issue presents a complex moral dilemma given that it is wrong to tell a lie about the Jew being in the house but at the ame time, it is still wrong to let an innocent individual be killed when it can be prevented. For a long time now, individuals have utilized dilemmas like the one stated above to argue that there are no moral absolutes. The above situation is an example that one can use to argue that lying is not always wrong and that in such complex dilemmas, the right thing to do is determined by the act that results in a greater good. Most individuals in the world today embrace reality and argue that ethics is relative to individuals, time and the culture of the individuals. It is with such arguments that the world today is presented with numerous disagreements about issues like abortion, the death sentence, pre-marital sex and gay rights, to mention but a few. Most individuals have different views when it comes to interpreting the rightness or wrongness of some controversial issues such as the above mentioned. What is truth? The definition of truth may be simple but its interpretation is complex and just like the question of what is right and wrong, varies from individual to individual. A basic definition of truth is that it is that which is agrees with reality, actuality or simply, a fact (Rappaport, 1999). One way to approach the definition of truth is by considering that all the perspectives of approaching truth are equally valid and that truth is relative to an individual. This perspective that bases truth on realism is however faulty given the contradictions surrounding relativity. For instance, what is true to one person is not always true to another as shown by the contradiction between religious truths. Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God and the Messiah; a view Muslims do not agree with. This is not to imply that there are no absolute truths. An example of a sentence of absolutely truth is that, ‘something cannot create itself. ’ Logically, the thing would first have to be present if it is to possess the ability to create and if it already exists, then how would it create itself? The above example is truth based on logic but there are truths that cannot be logically explained for instance, stating that an individual truly loves another. It can be very difficult to use the theories of logic to explain the individual’s feelings. From the above examples, it can be concluded that truth is that which obeys the rules of logic and reality, or any of the two. Realism, to a certain degree agrees with logic and truth and therefore presents the best approach towards the determination of truth. To adopt a relative perspective however, individuals must be ready to acknowledge that a statement regarded as being true by one individual may not be acceptable by another.

Coursework Business Economics Essays

Coursework Business Economics Essays Coursework Business Economics Essays Coursework Yana Galiyeva Business economics Question 1 1) Why do many firms use cost-plus pricing for supply contracts The cos-plus approach to pricing is an alternative approach by using a general formula for setting a price adds a mark-up to the cost base. Cost-plus prising approach is calculated by the average of total cost (variable and fixed costs), which is a cost base, and the mark-up. One of the methods to calculate the mark-up is to set a target rate on return on investments. The mark-up on full product costs are much lower than on variable manufacturing costs. The reason for that is that when you calculate mark-up based on variable costs you assume that you should generate profit and to recoup fixed costs and other costs, such as R&D, distribution and marketing. The mark-up on full costs is lower because these costs are already include all costs incurred to sell the product ( Bhimani A. Horngren C.T, Datar S.M, Rajan M.V 2012, chapter 12, ‘Management and Cost Accounting’, p386). Because this technique calculate average full costs, the cost base includes a fixed costs and there are some advantages of including fixed costs per unit for pricing decisions. Three main advantages are: full product cost recovery, price stability and simplicity. The logical reason of using cost-plus pricing is that if you charge a full cost plus mark up as a selling price you will break even and because companies are tend to produce a percentage increase in wealth it seems logical (Peter Atrill, Eddie McLaney, 2007, Management Accounting for Decision Makers). Another reason for using cost-plus prising method is that it makes calculations easier and provides clear and objective formula for the calculations. Because of the simplicity of the calculations, it is easy to justify price with the changes in cost (increase of labour costs in our example). Last reason for applying this method is that according to the market structure and the competitions, managers of the company can set target return and the target sales volume. Is the market closed and not competitive, they can set highe r prices and earn more. 2) What potential problems do you envision with cost-plus pricing? In a book The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: a guide to profitable decision making by T.Nagel 1994 author’s define following problem of cost-plus pricing: ‘The problem with cost-plus pricing is fundamental. In most industries it is impossible to determine a product’s unit cost before determining its price. Because unit costs change with volume. This costs change occurs because a significant portion of costs are ‘fixed’ must somehow be allocated to determine the full unit cost. Unfortunately, since there allocation depend on volume, which changes in price, unit cost is a moving target. ’ Another problem of this strategy is that market not always agrees with the price. Cost-plus price model is not taking to account a price sensitivity of customer and ignore the demand for the product. This model is not taking to account the marked demand function and it could lead to reduction in sales, because market will not buy at the price, which was set by the cost-plus price. This model may work only if the company is a prise maker, not a price take. In other case, if company is a price taker it could lead to zero sales. It is important to remember, that non-cost factors are relevant in price setting and this model is not taking them into account. Another problem is that because this pricing model is very simple and consist only of cost factor and mark-up, this model is not focused on reducing firm costs and it leads to an increase in price, which consumers will pay ( in our case an increase of 3$ according to increase of labour costs). 3) Should Gina contest the price increase? Explain. According to the given information and taking into account that Rich Manufacturing Company and Bhagat have signed the contract, it means that Gina could not argue with the contract. We know

November Is the Write Time

November Is the Write Time November Is the Write Time November Is the Write Time By Mark Nichol Writing is one of the loneliest pursuits (or professions), and as I know as well as anyone, enthusiasm for expressing oneself is tempered by the daunting challenge of actually doing it. For those of us for whom having written a novel is a more appealing prospect than, you know, actually writing it, National Novel Writing Month provides a quirky motivating nudge. The annual event, which encourages writers to complete the first draft of a novel in thirty days with the knowledge that one can publicly celebrate one’s progress while embracing the morale-boosting benefit of knowing that one is part of a worldwide community of fellow scribes, is in its fourteenth year. Last time around, more than a quarter million people participated from all over planet Earth. Only one out of seven hit the 50,000-word goal, but every one of them started and as we all realize, the first step is the hardest. (More than a hundred NaNoWriMo participants have had the novels they worked on for the event published again, not everyone, but enough to make it reasonable to imagine that someday you number among them.) To help encourage participants, the NaNoWriMo website offers various features and tools, including Pep Talks, email messages from published authors ranging from Booker Prize winner Nick Hornby (whose books High Fidelity, About a Boy, and Fever Pitch have been adapted for film) to newcomer Melissa Mayer, whose young-adult novel Cinder started out as a NaNoWriMo draft. You’ll also find NaNoWriMo badges you can download onto your website or blog, special offers for software products or self-publishing deals, and forums in which you can contact other participants in your area to give and receive advice and encouragement. (Forums include the Appellation Station, where participants can get help with naming people, places, and things and books and the Character Cafe, a resource for development of your dramatis personae.) In addition, NaNoWriMo sponsors ancillary events, such as a fund-raising write-a-thon on site in San Francisco; Camp NaNoWriMo, an extension of the original event held during other months; and support materials for teachers and students involved in the event. And, as usual, the website lets you keep track of your word count and post excerpts of your work. The beauty of this crazy conception is that the timed nature of the event encourages you to do what writers must do to succeed: Just write the damn thing already no time to edit, no opportunity to agonize. Write a crappy first draft. (All first drafts, the site assures you in its inimitably perky-but-puckish style, are crappy.) Sign up, already. Operators are standing by. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101One Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .13 Theatrical Terms in Popular Usage

Contracts, Trademarks, and European E-Commerce Law Case Study

Contracts, Trademarks, and European E-Commerce Law - Case Study Example Alfred uses written standard terms of business which include the term â€Å"All soft Ltd is not liable for the results of using this software†. The software costs Ј50, with a postage and packing charge of Ј5 if sent via DVD. Brian lives in another EU country (not the UK). He goes to Alfred’s website with the intention of downloading a copy of Alfred’s latest computer program for use in his own small business. He clicks on a â€Å"Download Now† button, inputs his address and credit card details, and is presented with Alfred’s contract terms as a ‘Click Wrap agreement. Brian scrolls down through the agreement without reading it, clicks an ‘I accept button at the bottom of the screen, and downloads the software. He then begins using it. assy lives in the UK. She goes to Alfred’s website with the intention of buying a copy of Alfred’s latest computer program on DVD, for her own personal use. She clicks on an â€Å"Order Now† button, inputs her address and credit card details, clicks a button that says Submit, and places her order. When the software arrives on DVD five days later, Cassy puts the DVD into her computer and is presented with Alfred’s contract terms as a ‘Click Wrap agreement. Cassy scrolls down through the agreement and notices the term â€Å"To the extent allowed by law, All soft Ltd is not liable for the results of using this software†. Cassy clicks an ‘I accept button at the bottom of the screen, and is then able to begin using the software. Alfred’s software is vulnerable to a new computer virus which infects Brian’s and Cassy’s computers and causes them to crash repeatedly. In consequence, Brian suffers an economic loss of Ј10, 000 due to the interruption in his business. Cassy suffers an economic loss of Ј100, which is the cost of taking her computer to a local servicer to get the virus removed and Alfred’s software uninstalled. Both Brian and Cassy contact Alfred, demanding to be compensated for the losses they have incurred.